Describe by drawing a suitable diagram the bilge water system of an ocean-going ship, name each part with its function, and discuss commonly associated troubles with their solutions?

flowchart TD
    A[Bilge wells] -->|Gravity| B[Strainers]
    B --> C[Suction valves]
    C --> D[Bilge main]
    D --> E[Bilge pump 1]
    D --> F[Bilge pump 2]
    E --> G[Non-return valve]
    F --> G
    G --> H[Discharge valve]
    H --> I[Overboard]

• Purpose: Collect and remove water from bilges to maintain stability and prevent progressive flooding
• Prevention rule: System must not allow water to pass from sea into dry spaces or between compartments (IMO Res. A.1023(26) ch-4 §4.9.4)
• Parts: Bilge wells, strainers, suction valves, bilge main, bilge pumps, non-return valves, discharge valve, overboard discharge
• Pump requirement: At least two power pumps connected to the main bilge system (IMO High Speed Craft Code 1994 chap 10 §10.10.1)
• Approval requirement: Schematic must show pipe/pump sizes, valves, sea inlets/discharges, bilge injection positions; include pump capacity, power source, pipe diameters/wall thickness/materials, valve/fitting details (IMO High Speed Craft Code 1994 chap 10 §10.3.3)
• Troubles: Clogged strainers, pump failure, pipe/valve leakage, blockage in main/branch pipes, cross-flooding
• Solutions: Clean/renew strainers, switch to standby pump/check electrical/mechanical issues, repair/replace faulty components, isolate and clear blockages, close suction valves/verify non-return valves
• EOW duties: Monitor bilge levels, operate system per approved schematic, close valves after use, report defects