What are the three main principles of LLMC 1976 and its linkage with other IMO liability conventions?
Short answer
flowchart TD
A["Defined class of persons may limit for defined claims"] --> B["Limitation nearly unbreakable"]
B --> C["One limit per distinct occasion, calculated on tonnage"]
C --> D["Fund secured by deposit or guarantee"]
D --> E["CLC 1992: excepts oil pollution damage"]
E --> F["Bunker Convention 2001: depends on LLMC for limitation"]
- Trap: Limitation is lost only for personal act/omission with intent or recklessness.
- LLMC applies to shipowners, salvors, and their insurers for most maritime claims.
- Limits are in SDR, based on gross tonnage, with separate amounts for loss of life/injury and other claims.
- CLC 1992 and Bunker Convention 2001 have distinct linkages: CLC excludes oil pollution, Bunker depends on LLMC.
- Current limits for ships up to 2,000 GT: 3,020,000 SDR (life/injury), 1,510,000 SDR (other claims).
Full answer
The full answer explains each point step by step, with the regulations and figures behind it and the discussion from other candidates. It is in the MEO Class I section of the Marine One forum, open to members enrolled for the MEO Class I exam.