How is Human Element addressed in STCW code?

flowchart TD
    A["STCW human element layers"] --> B["Non-technical competence in certificates"]
    A --> C["Personal safety & social responsibility A-VI/1-4"]
    A --> D["Fitness for duty VIII/1 & A-VIII/1"]
    A --> E["Watch as team A-VIII/2"]
    A --> F["Company familiarization A-I/14"]
    B --> B1["Operational level: engine-room resource management"]
    B --> B2["Management level: leadership, workload, decision-making"]
    C --> C1["Teamwork, conflict resolution"]
    C --> C2["Fatigue control"]
    D --> D1["10 hours rest in 24, 77 in 7 days"]
    D --> D2["0.05% BAC limit"]
    E --> E1["Bridge & engine-room resource management"]
    E --> E2["Chief Engineer ensures adequate watch"]
    F --> F1["Familiarization before duties"]

• Trap: STCW has no single human element chapter; it is embedded in competence, fitness, watchkeeping, and company duties.
• Non-technical skills (resource management, leadership) are certified at operational (A-III/1) and management (A-III/2) levels.
• Mandatory rest: 10 hours in 24, 77 in 7 days; max 0.05% BAC for safety duties (A-VIII/1).
• Watch principles: resource management, team roles, and Chief Engineer accountability (A-VIII/2).
• Company duty: familiarization in a language the seafarer understands (A-I/14).